# ODT Publications

## Foundational

- A.R. Kerstein, "One-Dimensional Turbulence: Model formulation and application to homogeneous turbulence, shear flows, and buoyant stratified flows," Journal of Fluid Mechanics, [392:277-334](https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112099005376) (1999).

- A.R. Kerstein, "One-Dimensional Turbulence: vector formulation and application to free shear flows," Journal of Fluid Mechanics, [447:85-109](https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112001005778) (2001).

- D.O. Lignell, A.R. Kerstein, G. Sun, E.I. Monson, "Mesh adaption for efficient multiscale implementation of One-Dimensional Turbulence," Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics, [27(3):273-295](http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00162-012-0267-9) (2013). [Accepted paper](https://ignite.byu.edu/public/ODTmethod.pdf)[ ©.](http://www.springer.com/gp/open-access/authors-rights/self-archiving-policy/2124)

- D.O. Lignell, V.B. Lansinger, J.A. Medina Méndez, M. Klein, A.R. Kerstein, H. Schmidt, M. Fistler, M. Oevermann, "One-Dimensional Turbulence modeling for cylindrical and spherical flows: model formulation and application," Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics, [32(4):495-520](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00162-018-0465-1) (2018). [Accepted Paper](https://ignite.byu.edu/public/Lignell_2018.pdf) [ ©](http://www.springer.com/gp/open-access/authors-rights/self-archiving-policy/2124).

------------------------------------

## Channel and pipe flows

- R.C. Schmidt, A.R. Kerstein, R. McDermott, "ODTLES: A multi-scal model for 3D turbulent flow based on One-Dimensional Turbulence modeling," Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, [199:865-880](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2008.05.028) (2010).

- F.T. Schulz, C. Glawe, H. Schmidt, A. R. Kerstein, "Toward modeling of CO2 multi-phase flow patterns using a stochastic multi-scale approach," Environmental Earth Sciences, [70:3739-3748](https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-013-2461-5) (2013).

- J.A. Medina Méndez, H. Schmidt, D.O. Lignell, "Application of the One-Dimensional Turbulence model to incompressible channel and pipe flow," submitted to the Journal of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, May 2019, [Preprint](https://ignite.byu.edu/public/Medina__2019.pdf).

- J.A. Medina Méndez, M. Klein, H. Schmidt, "One-dimensional turbulence investigation of variable density effects due to heat transfer in a low Mach number internal air flow," International Journal of Heat Fluid Flow, [80:108481](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2019.108481) (2019).

- J.A. Medina Méndez, M. Klein, H. Schmidt, "The One-Dimensional Turbulence Aspects of Internal Forced Convective Flows," Proc. WCCM ECCOMAS 2020, 2021. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.23967/wccm-eccomas.2020.338](https://doi.org/10.23967/wccm-eccomas.2020.338).

- M. Klein, P.-Y. Tsai, and H. Schmidt. "Stochastic modeling and large-eddy simulation of heated concentric coaxial pipes," In book: New Results in Numerical and Experimental Fluid Mechanics XIV - Contributions to the 23rd STAB/DGLR Symposium Berlin, Germany 2022, edited by A. Dillmann, G. Heller, E. Krämer, C. Wagner, and J. Weiss. Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, [154:435–444](https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40482-5_41), Springer, Cham, 2024. [Preprint, arXiv](https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2310.19800). [Preprint, BTU webpage](https://www-docs.b-tu.de/fg-stroemungsmodellierung/public/Klein_2024_STAB22chapter_heatedAnnularPipe.pdf).

- J. A. Medina Mendez, and H. Schmidt. "Towards the evaluation of heat and mass transfer in pipe flows with cocurrent falling films using One‐Dimensional Turbulence," Proc. Appl. Math. Mech., [23:e202200271](http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pamm.202200271), 2023.

- P.-Y. Tsai, H. Schmidt, and M. Klein. "Investigating Reynolds number effects in turbulent concentric coaxial pipe flow using stochastic one-dimensional turbulence modeling," Proc. Appl Math. Mech., [23:e202300167](https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.202300167), 2023, (open access).

- P.-Y. Tsai, H. Schmidt, and M. Klein. "Modeling simultaneous momentum and passive scalar transfer in turbulent annular Poiseuille flow," Proc. Appl Math. Mech., [22:e202200272](https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.202200272), 2023, (open access).

------------------------------------

## Compressible flows

- C.P. Chen, J.H. Liang, T.Y. Gao, X.S. Wu, W.D. Zhao, L. Zhang, "Conservative compressible one-dimensional turbulence formulation and application to high-Reynolds-number compressible turbulent channel flows," Physics of Fluids, [34:65121](https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0093782) (2022).

- T.Y. Gao, H. Schmidt, M. Klein, J.H. Liang, M.B. Sun, C.P. Chen, and Q.D. Guan, "One-dimensional turbulence modeling of compressible flows. I. Conservative Eulerian formulation and application to supersonic channel flow," Physics of Fluids, [35:35115](https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0125514) (2023).

- T.Y. Gao, H. Schmidt, M. Klein, J.H. Liang, M.B. Sun, C.P. Chen, and Q.D. Guan, "One-dimensional turbu-
lence modeling of compressible flows II. Full compressible modification and application to shock–turbulence interaction," Physics of Fluids [35:35116](https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0137435) (2023).


------------------------------------

## Passive scalars and turbulent mixing

- M. Klein, H. Schmidt, "Stochastic Modeling of Passive Scalar Transport in Turbulent Channel Flows at High Schmidt Numbers," Proc. TSFP10, 2017. [URL](http://tsfp10.org/TSFP10_program/2/368.pdf).

- V. Giddey, D.W. Meyer, P. Jenny. “Modeling Three-Dimensional Scalar Mixing with Forced One-Dimensional Turbulence,” Physics of Fluids, [30:12](https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5055752) (2018).

- M. Klein, C. Zenker, H. Schmidt, "Small-scale resolving simulations of the turbulent mixing in confined planar jets using one-dimensional turbulence," Chemical Engineering Science, [204:186-202](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2019.04.024) (2019).

- M. Klein, C. Zenker, K. Hertha, H. Schmidt, "Modeling One and Two Passive Scalar Mixing in Turbulent Jets Using One-Dimensional Turbulence," Proc. WCCM ECCOMAS 2020, 2021. [DOI](https://doi.org/10.23967/wccm-eccomas.2020.205).

- M. Klein, H. Schmidt, "Stochastic Modeling of Passive Scalars in Turbulent Channel Flows: Predictive Capabilities of One-Dimensional Turbulence," In: A. Dillmann et al. (Eds.), New Results in Numerical and Experimental Fluid Mechanics XIII, volume 151, Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, [Springer Nature, Cham, 2021, pp. 47-57](https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-030-79561-0_5). STAB/DGLR Symposium 2020. [Preprint](https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.04818).

- M. Klein, C. Zenker, T. Starick, and H. Schmidt. "Stochastic modeling of multiple scalar mixing in a three-stream concentric coaxial jet based on one-dimensional turbulence," Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow, [104:109235](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2023.109235), 2023 (open access).

- M. Klein, T. Starick, C. Zenker, J. A. Medina Méndez, and Heiko Schmidt. "Reduced order stochastic modeling of turbulent mixing based on conservative baker’s map." In: Proc. 14th Int. ERCOFTAC Sympos. Eng. Turbul. Model. Measurem. (ETMM14), [pp. 613–617, 2023](https://etmm.ercoftac.org/etmm/program/conference-program/). (Follow the link entitled "Download" to get the full proceedings.)

- M. Klein, C. Zenker, T. Starick, and H. Schmidt. "Stochastic modeling of three-scalar mixing in a coaxial jet using one-dimensional turbulence," In: Proc. TSFP-12, Osaka (online), Japan, July 2022. [Session 13C, Jets II, ID 208](http://www.tsfp-conference.org/proceedings/2022/208.pdf).

- M. Klein, H. Schmidt, and D. O. Lignell. "Stochastic modeling of surface scalar-flux fluctuations in turbulent channel flow using one-dimensional turbulence," Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow, [93:108889](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2021.108889), 2022. In: Special Issue "Wall-bounded Reactive Flows '21". Preprint: [arXiv:2111.15359](https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.15359v1).

------------------------------------

## Particle flows

- Y. Wu, P. Smith, J. Thornock, G. Yue, J. Zhang. “A novel method for prediction of particle dispersion in a planar jet using ODT model.” AIChE Annual Meeting, Conference Proceedings, [URL](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287410139_A_novel_method_for_prediction_of_particle_dispersion_in_a_planar_jet_using_ODT_model) (2007).

- J.R. Schmidt, J.O.L. Wendt, A.R. Kerstein. “Non-equilibrium wall deposition of inertial particles in turbulent flow.” Journal of Statistical Physics, [137(2):233-257](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10955-009-9844-8) (2009).

- G. Sun, D.O. Lignell, J.C. Hewson, C. Gin, “Particle dispersion in homogeneous turbulence using the One-Dimensional Turbulence model,” Physics of Fluids, [26:103301](http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/pof2/26/10/10.1063/1.4896555) (2014). [Published paper ©](https://ignite.byu.edu/public/Sun_2014.pdf).

- G. Sun, J.C. Hewson, D.O. Lignell, “Evaluation of stochastic particle dispersion modeling in turbulent round jets,” International Journal of Multiphase Flow, [89:108-122](http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2016.10.005) (2017). [Accepted Paper ©](https://ignite.byu.edu/public/Sun_2016.pdf)

- M. Fistler, A.R. Kerstein, S. Wunsch, M. Oevermann. “Turbulence modulation in particle-laden stationary homogeneous shear turbulence using One-Dimensional Turbulence.” Physical Review Fluids, [5:124303](https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.5.124303) (2020).

- M. Fistler, A.R. Kerstein, S. Wunsch, M. Oevermann. “Turbulence modulation in particle-laden stationary homogeneous shear turbulence using One-Dimensional Turbulence.” Physical Review Fluids, [5:124303](https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.5.124303) (2020).

------------------------------------

## Buoyant flows

- T.D. Dreeben, A.R. Kerstein. “Simulation of vertical slot convection using `One-Dimensional Turbulence’.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, [43(20):3823-3834](https://doi.org/10.1016/S0017-9310(00)00012-0) (2000).

- S. Wunsch, A.R. Kerstein, "A stochastic model for high-Rayleigh-number thermal convection," Journal of Fluid Mechanics, [528:173-205](https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112004003258) (2005).

- H. Shihn, P.E. DesJardin. “Near-wall modeling of an isothermal vertical wall using One-Dimensional Turbulence.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, [50(7-8):1314-1327](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2006.09.005) (2007).

- A.J. Ricks, J.C. Hewson, A.R. Kerstein, J.P. Gore, S.R. Tieszen, W.T. Ashurst. “A spatially developing One-Dimensional Turbulence (ODT) study of soot and enthalpy evolution in meter-scale buoyant turbulent flames.” Combustion Science and Technology, [182(1):60–101](https://doi.org/10.1080/00102200903297003) (2010). 

- E.D. Gonzalez-Juez, A.R. Kerstein, L.H. Shih. “Vertical mixing in homogeneous sheared stratified turbulence: a One-Dimensional-Turbulence study.” Physics of Fluids, [23:5](https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3592329) (2011).

- E.D. Gonzalez-Juez, A.R. Kerstein, D.O. Lignell, "Reactive Rayleigh-Taylor turbulent mixing: a One-Dimensional Turbulence study," Geophysical and Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics, [107:506-525](http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03091929.2012.736504#.UyxeGOddW0t") (2013). [Accepted paper](https://ignite.byu.edu/public/Esteban_2013.pdf)[ ©.](http://authorservices.taylorandfrancis.com/sharing-your-work/)

- M. Klein, H. Schmidt, D.O. Lignell. "Map-based modeling of high-Rayleigh- number turbulent convection in planar and spherical confinements," Proc. Conf. Model.
Fluid Flow (CMFF’18), J. Vad (Ed.), 2018. ISBN: 978-963313297-5. Accepted paper [URL](https://www-docs.b-tu.de/fg-stroemungsmodellierung/public/Klein_2018_cmff_final.pdf).

- M. Klein, H. Schmidt, "Investigating thermal convection at low Prandtl numbers using one-dimensional turbulence," Proc. TSFP11, 2019. [URL](http://www.tsfp-conference.org/proceedings/2019/14.pdf).

- S. R. G. Polasanapalli, M. Klein, and H. Schmidt. "Towards stochastic subgrid-scale modeling of turbulent thermal convection in an under-resolved off-lattice Boltzmann method." Proc. Appl. Math. Mech. [23:e202300223](https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.202300223), 2023, (open access).

------------------------------------

## Electrohydrodynamically (EHD) enhanced flows

- J.A. Medina Méndez, H. Schmidt, U. Riebel, "Towards a One-Dimensional Turbulence Approach for Electrohydrodynamic Flows," Proc. TSFP11, 2019. [URL](http://www.tsfp- conference.org/proceedings/2019/265.pdf).

- J.A. Medina Méndez, H. Schmidt, C. Bacher, U. Riebel, "Electrohydrodynamic‐enhanced internal pipe flows from a One‐Dimensional Turbulence perspective," Proc. Appl. Math. Mech., [20:e202000132](https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.202000132) (2020).

- M. Klein, H. Schmidt, "Towards a stochastic model for electrohydrodynamic turbulence with application to electrolytes," Proc. Appl. Math. Mech., [20:e202000128](https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.202000128) (2020).

- H. Schmidt, J.A. Medina Méndez, M. Klein, "EHD turbulence in channel flows with inhomogeneous electrical fields: a one-dimensional turbulence study," Proc. WCCM ECCOMAS 2020, 2021. [DOI](https://doi.org/10.23967/wccm-eccomas.2020.131).

- M. Klein, J. A. Medina Méndez, and H. Schmidt. "Stochastic modeling of electrohydrodynamically enhanced drag in one-way and fully coupled turbulent Poiseuille and Couette flow," Technische Mechanik, [43(1):111–127](https://doi.org/10.24352/UB.OVGU-2023-049), 2023, (open access).

- M. Klein, J. A. Medina Méndez, and H. Schmidt. "Modeling electrohydrodynamically enhanced drag in channel and pipe flows using one-dimensional turbulence," In: Janos Vad (Ed.), Proc. Conf. Model. Fluid Flow (CMFF’22), [18:82–91](https://www.cmff.hu/pdf/CMFF22_Conference_Proceedings.pdf), CMFF22-015, 2022. University of Technology and Economics, Department of Fluid Mechanics, Budapest, Hungary. ISBN 978-9634218814.

- M. Klein, and H. Schmidt. "Investigating Schmidt number effects in turbulent electroconvection using one-dimensional turbulence," Proc. Appl. Math. Mech., [21:e202100147](https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.202100147), 2021.

- J. A. Medina Mendez, C. Bacher, U. Riebel, and H. Schmidt. "Electrohydrodynamically-enhanced drag in a vertical pipe-flow with a concentric electrode: A One-Dimensional Turbulence study," European Journal of Mechanics - B/Fluids, [95:240-251](http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euromechflu.2022.05.008), 2022.

------------------------------------

## Fire

- H. Shihn, P.E. DesJardin. "Simulation of vertical wall fires with One-Dimensional Turbulence modeling." Spring Technical Meeting, The Combustion Institute/Canadian Section, Ontario, Canada, [URL](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%0AShihn%2C%20H.%2C%20DesJardin%2C%20P.E.%3A%20Simulation%20of%20vertical%20wall%20fires%20with%20one-dimensional%20turbulence%20modeling.%20Spring%20Technical%20Meeting%2C%20The%20Combustion%20Institute%2FCanadian%20Section%2C%20Ontario%2C%20Canada%2C%20May%209%E2%80%9312%20%282004%29%0A) (2004).

- A.J. Ricks, J.C. Hewson, A.R. Kerstein, J.P. Gore, S.R. Tieszen, W.T. Ashurst. “A spatially developing One-Dimensional Turbulence (ODT) study of soot and enthalpy evolution in meter-scale buoyant turbulent flames.” Combustion Science and Technology, [182(1):60-101](https://doi.org/10.1080/00102200903297003) (2010).

- J. An, Y. Jiang, M. Ye, R. Qiu. “One-Dimensional Turbulence simulations and chemical explosive mode analysis for flame suppression mechanism of hydrogen/air flames.” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, [38(18):7528-7538](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.04.032) (2013).

- Y. Jiang, J. An, R. Qiu, Y. Hu, and N. Zhu. “Improved understanding of fire suppression mechanism with an idealized extinguishing agent.” International Journal of Thermal Sciences, [64:22-28](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2012.08.004) (2013).

- E.I. Monson, D.O. Lignell, M.A. Finney, C. Werner, Z. Jozefik, A.R. Kerstein, R.S. Hintze, "Simulation of an ethylene wall fire using the spatially-evolving One-Dimensional Turbulence model," Fire Technology, Special Issue on Validation and Fire Modelling, [52(1):167-196](http://rdcu.be/ogEi) (2016). [Accepted paper](https://ignite.byu.edu/public/Monson_2016_wall_fire.pdf)[ ©.](http://www.springer.com/gp/open-access/authors-rights/self-archiving-policy/2124)

------------------------------------

## Combustion

- J.C. Hewson, A.R. Kerstein, "Stochastic simulation of transport and chemical kinetics in turbulent CO/H2/N2 flames," Combustion Theory and Modelling, [5:669-697](https://doi.org/10.1088/1364-7830/5/4/309) (2001).

- J.C. Hewson, A.R. Kerstein, "Local extinction and reignition in nonpremixed turbulent CO/H2/N2 jet flames," Combustion Science and Technology, [174:35-66](https://doi.org/10.1080/713713031) (2002).

- B. Ranganath, T. Echekki. “One-Dimensional Turbulence-based closure with extinction and reignition.” Combustion and Flame, [154(1-2):23-46](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2008.03.020) (2008).

- S. Cao, T. Echekki. “A low-dimensional stochastic closure model for combustion large-eddy simulation.” Journal of Turbulence, [9(2):1-35](https://doi.org/10.1080/14685240701790714) (2008).

- B. Ranganath, T. Echekki. "ODT closure with extinction and reignition in piloted methane-air jet diffusion flame." Combustion Science Technology, [181:570–596](http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00102200802529993) (2009).

- N. Punati, J.C. Sutherland, A.R. Kerstein, E.R. Hawkes, J.H. Chen, "An evaluation of the One-Dimensional Turbulence model: comparison with direct numerical simulations of CO/H2 Jets with extinction and reignition," Proceedings of the  Combustion Institute, [33:1515-1522](https://doi:10.1016/j.proci.2010.06.127) (2011).

- D.O. Lignell, D.S. Rappleye, "One-Dimensional Turbulence simulation of flame extinction and reignition in planar ethylene jet flames," Combustion and Flame, [159:2930-2943](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001021801200106X%22) (2012). [Accepted Paper](https://ignite.byu.edu/public/Lignell_2012.pdf) [ ©](https://www.elsevier.com/about/company-information/policies/sharing)

- D.O. Lignell, G.C. Fredline, and A.D. Lewis "Comparison of One-Dimensional Turbulence and direct numerical simulation of soot formation and transport in a nonpremixed ethylene jet flame," Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, [DOI 10.1016/j.proci.2014.05.046](http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2014.05.046) (2014). [Accepted paper](https://ignite.byu.edu/public/Lignell_2014.pdf)[ ©.](https://www.elsevier.com/about/company-information/policies/sharing)

- L. Zhuo, Y. Jiang, R. Qiu, J. An, W. Xu. “Effects of fuel-side N-2, CO2, H2O dilution on combustion characteristics and NOx formation of syngas turbulent nonpremixed jet flames.” Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power-Transactions of the ASME, [136:6](https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4026427) (2014).

- H. Mirgolbabaei, T. Echekki. “The reconstruction of thermo-chemical scalars in combustion from a reduced set of their principal components.” Combustion and Flame, [162(5):1650-1652](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2014.11.027) (2015).

- T. Echekki, H. Mirgolbabaei. “Principal component transport in turbulent combustion: a Posteriori analysis.” Combustion and Flame, [162(5):1919-1933](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2014.12.011) (2015).

- B. Goshayeshi, J.C. Sutherland, "Prediction of oxy-coal flame stand-off using high-fidelity thermochemical models and the One-Dimensional Turbulence model," Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, [35:2829-2837](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2014.07.003) (2015).

- T. Echekki, S.E. Ahmed. “Autoignition of n-heptane in a turbulent co-flowing jet.” Combustion and Flame, [162(10):3829-3846](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.07.020) (2015)

- B. Goshayeshi, J.C. Sutherland. “Prediction of oxy-coal flame stand-off using high-fidelity thermochemical models and the One-Dimensional Turbulence model.” Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, [35(3):2829-2837](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2014.07.003) (2015).

- N. Punati, H. Wang, E.R. Hawkes, J.C. Sutherland, "One-dimensional modeling of turbulent premixed jet flames-comparison to DNS," Flow, Turbulence and Combustion, [97:913–930](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10494-016-9721-x) (2016).

- L. Wang, Y. Jiang, L. Pan, Y. Xia, R. Qiu. “Lagrangian investigation and chemical explosive mode analysis of extinction and re-ignition in H-2/CO/N-2 syngas non-premixed flame.” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, [41(8):4820-4830](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.01.043) (2016).

- Z. Jozefik, A.R. Kerstein, H. Schmidt. “Simulation of shock-turbulence interaction in non-reactive flow and in turbulent deflagration and detonation regimes using One-Dimensional Turbulence.” Combustion and Flame, [164:53-67](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.10.035) (2016).

- A. Abdelsamie, D.O. Lignell, D. Thevenin, "Comparison between ODT and DNS for ignition occurrence in turbulent premixed jet combustion: Safety-relevant applications," Zeitschrift Für Physikalische Chemie, [231(10):1709-1735](https://doi.org/10.1515/zpch-2016-0902), DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2016-0902 (2017). [Published Paper](https://ignite.byu.edu/public/Abdelsamie_2017.pdf). The final publication is available at www.degruyter.com. [©.](https://www.degruyter.com/page/2301)

- L. Wang, Y. Jiang, R. Qiu. “Chemical explosive mode analysis for local reignition scenarios in H-2/N-2 turbulent diffusion flames.” Energy & Fuels, [31(9):9939-9949](https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b03175) (2017).

- T. Echekki, S.F. Ahmed. “Turbulence effects on the autoignition of DME in a turbulent co-flowing jet.” Combustion and Flame, [178:70-81](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.12.022) (2017).

- J.A Medina Méndez, H. Schmidt, F. Mauss, Z. Jozefik. “Constant volume n-heptane autoignition using One-Dimensional Turbulence.” Combustion and Flame, [190:388-401](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2017.12.015) (2018).

- T. Starick, J. A. Medina Méndez, H. Schmidt, "One-Dimensional Turbulence simulations for reactive flows in open and closed systems," Technische Mechanik, [39:162-174](https://doi.org/10.24352/UB.OVGU-2019-015) (2019).

- T. Starick, D. O. Lignell, and H. Schmidt. "Stochastic Modeling of a Lifted Methane/Air Jet Flame with Detailed Chemistry," Proc. Appl. Math. Mech., [20:e202000316](https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.202000316), 2020.

- W. Yang, B. Liu, H. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Wu, J. Lyu. “Prediction improvements of ignition characteristics of isolated coal particles with a one-dimensional transient model.” Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, [38(3):4083-4089](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2020.06.235) (2021).

------------------------------------


## Code

* V.B. Stephens, D.O. Lignell, "One-Dimensional Turbulence (ODT): computationally efficient modeling and simulation of turbulent flows," SoftwareX, [13:100641](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S235271102030354X) (2020), [Paper](https://ignite.byu.edu/public/Stephens_2020.pdf).

------------------------------------

## Fuel

- A. Movaghar, M. Linne, M. Oevermann, F. Meiselbach, H. Schmidt, A.R. Kerstein. “Numerical investigation of turbulent-jet primary breakup using One-Dimensional Turbulence.” International Journal of Multiphase Flow, [89:241-254](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2016.09.023) (2017).

- K.G. Gupta, T. Echekki. “One-Dimensional Turbulence model simulations of autoignition of hydrogen/carbon monoxide fuel mixtures in a turbulent jet.” Combustion and Flame, [158(2):327-344](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.09.003) (2011).

- B.D. Gowda, T. Echekki. “Complex injection strategies for hydrogen-fueled HCCI engines.” Fuel, [97:418-27](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.01.060) (2012).

- B.D. Gowda, T. Echekki. “One-Dimensional Turbulence simulations of hydrogen-fueled HCCI combustion.” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, [37(9):7912-7924](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.02.020) (2012).

- T. Echekki, K.G. Gupta. “Hydrogen autoignition in a turbulent jet with preheated co-flow air.” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, [34(19):8352-8377](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.06.085) (2009).

- B. Ranganath, T. Echekki. “ODT closure with extinction and reignition in piloted methane-air jet diffusion flames.” Combustion Science and Technology, [181(4):570-596](https://doi.org/10.1080/00102200802529993) (2009).

- S. Zhang, T. Echekki. “Stochastic modeling of finite-rate chemistry effects in hdrogen-air turbulent jet diffusion flames with helium dilution.” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, [33(23):7295-7306](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.09.018) (2008).

- B. Ranganath, T. Echekki. “One-Dimensional Turbulence-based closure for turbulent non-premixed flames.” Progress in Computational Fluid Dynamics, [6(7):409-418](https://doi.org/10.1504/PCFD.2006.010966) (2006).

- T. Echekki, A.R. Kerstein, T.D. Dreeben, J.Y. Chen. “`One-Dimensional Turbulence’ simulation of turbulent jet diffusion flames: model formulation and illustrative applications.” Combustion and Flame, [125(3):1083-1105](https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-2180(01)00228-0) (2001).

------------------------------------

## Boundary Layers

- M.M. Fragner, H. Schmidt. “Investigating asymptotic suction boundary layers using a One-Dimensional Stochastic Turbulence model.” Journal of Turbulence, [18(10):899-928](https://doi.org/10.1080/14685248.2017.1335869) (2017).

- Rakhi, M. Klein, J. A. Medina Méndez, H. Schmidt, "One-dimensional turbulence modelling of incompressible temporally developing turbulent boundary layers with comparison to DNS," Journal of Turbulence, [20:506-543](https://doi.org/10.1080/14685248.2019.1674859) (2019).

- Rakhi, D.O. Lignell, H. Schmidt, "Investigating spatially developing turbulent boundary layers with uniform blowing using a One-Dimensional stochastic Turbulence model," submitted to Flow, Turbulence and Combustion, May 2020, [Preprint](https://ignite.byu.edu/public/Rakhi_2020.pdf).

- Rakhi, H. Schmidt, "One-dimensional turbulence: application to incompressible spatially developing turbulent boundary layers," International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, [85:108626](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2020.108626) (2020).

- C.P. Chen, J.H. Liang, Q.D. Guan, and T.Y. Gao, "Conservative compressible one-dimensional turbulence
method and its application in supersonic scalar mixing layer," Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica. 42:726364 (2021).

------------------------------------

## Meteorology 

- A.R. Kerstein, S. Wunsch. “Simulation of a stably stratified atmospheric boundary layer using One-Dimensional Turbulence.” Boundary-Layer Meteorology, [118(2):325-356](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-005-9004-x) (2006).

- C.K. Kim, S.S. Yum. “A numerical study of sea-fog formation over cold sea surface using a One-Dimensional Turbulence model coupled with the weather research and forecasting model.” Boundary-Layer Meteorology, [143(3):481-505](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-012-9706-9) (2012).

- H. Schmidt, A.R. Kerstein, S. Wunsch, R. Nedelec, B.J. Sayler. “Analysis and numerical simulation of a laboratory analog of radiatively induced cloud-top entrainment.” Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics, [27(3-4):377-395](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00162-012-0288-4) (2013).

- S.N. Stechmann. “Multiscale eddy simulation for moist atmospheric convection: preliminary Investigation.” Journal of Computational Physics, [271:99-117]( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2014.02.009) (2014).

- B. Goger, M.W. Rotach, A. Gohm, O. Fuhrer, I. Stiperski, A.A.M. Holtslag. “The impact of three-dimensional effects on the simulation of turbulence kinetic energy in a major alpine valley.” Boundary-Layer Meteorology, [168(1):1-27](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-018-0341-y) (2018).

- L. S. Freire, and M. Chamecki. "A one-dimensional stochastic model of turbulence within and above plant canopies, Agr. Forest Meteorol., [250–251:9–23](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2017.12.211), 2018.

- M. Klein, Roland E. Maier, and H. Schmidt. "Stochastic modeling of transient neutral and stably-stratified Ekman boundary layers," Proc. Appl. Math. Mech., [21:e202100146](https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.202100146), 2021.

- M. Klein, and H. Schmidt. "Exploring stratification effects in stable Ekman boundary layers using a stochastic one-dimensional turbulence model," Adv. Sci. Res., [19:117–136](https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-19-117-2022), 2022, (open access).

- L. S. Freire. "Large-eddy simulation of the atmospheric boundary layer with near-wall resolved turbulence," Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., [184:25–43](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-022-00702-z), 2022.

- M. Klein, and H. Schmidt. "Capturing features of turbulent Ekman–Stokes boundary layers with a stochastic modeling approach," Adv. Sci. Res., [20:55–64](https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-20-55-2023), 2023, (open access).









------------------------------------

## Environment/Ecology

- A.R. Kerstein. “One-Dimensional Turbulence Part 2. Staircases in double-diffusive convection.” Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans, [30(1):25-46](https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0265(99)00017-2) (1999).

- K. Makinson. “Modeling tidal current profiles and vertical mixing beneath Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica.” Journal of Physical Oceanography, [32(1):202-215](https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(2002)032<0202:MTCPAV>2.0.CO;2) (2002).

- U.T. Skielka, J. Soares, A.P. de Oliveira. “Study of the equatorial Atlantic Ocean mixing layer using a One-Dimensional Turbulence model.” Brazilian Journal of Oceanography, [58:57-69](https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-87592010000700008) (2010).

- S. Wunsch, A.R. Kerstein. “A model for layer formation in stably stratified turbulence.” Physics of Fluids, [13(3):702-712](https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1344182) (2010). 

- E.D. Gonzalez-Juez, A.R. Kerstein, D.O. Lignell, "Fluxes across double-diffusive interfaces: a one-dimensional turbulence study," Journal of Fluid Mechanics, [677:218-254](http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=8287567&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S0022112011000784) (2011). [Accepted paper](https://ignite.byu.edu/public/Esteban_2011.pdf)[ &copy;.](https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/open-access-policies/open-access-journals/green-open-access-policy-for-journals)

- T. Ling, M. Xu, X.Z. Liang, J.X.L. Wang, Y. Noh. “A multilevel ocean mixed layer model resolving the Diurnal Cycle: development and validation.” Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, [7(4):1680-1692](https://doi.org/10.1002/2015MS000476) (2015).

- E.R. Maure, J. Ishizaka, H. Aiki, Y. Mino, N. Yoshie, J.I. Goes, H.R. Gomes, H. Tomita. “One-Dimensional Turbulence-ecosystem model reveals the triggers of the spring bloom in mesoscale eddies.” Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, [123(9):6841-6860](https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014089) (2018).

- L.S. Freire, M. Chamecki. “A One-Dimensional stochastic model of Turbulence within and above plant canopies.” Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, [250:9-23](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2017.12.211) (2018).

- M.Klein, H.Schmidt, A stochastic modeling strategy for intermittently unstable Ekman boundary layers," Proceedings in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, 2021, [https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.202000127](https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.202000127).

------------------------------------

## Computational Approach/Comparison

- A.R. Kerstein. “One-Dimensional Turbulence: a new approach to high-fidelity subgrid closure of turbulent flow simulations.” Computer Physics Communications, [148(1):1-16](https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-4655(02)00552-0) (2002).

- W.T. Ashurst, A.R. Kerstein, L.M. Pickett, J.B. Ghandhi. “Passive scalar mixing in a spatially developing shear layer: comparison of One-Dimensional Turbulence simulations with experimental results.” Physics of Fluids, [15(2):579-582](https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1531994) (2003).

- M. Okamura, H. Mori. “Time correlation functions in a similarity approximation for One-Dimensional Turbulence.” Physical Review E, [79:5,2](https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.79.056312) (2009).

- J.C. Sutherland, N. Punati, A.R. Kerstein. "A unified approach to the various formulations of the One-Dimensional Turbulence model." Technical Report ICSE100101, The University of Utah Institute for Clean and Secure Energy, [URL](https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s62n8195) (2010).

- N. Punati, J.C. Sutherland. "Application of an Eulerian One-Dimensional Turbulence model to simulation of turbulent jets." U.S. Joint Sections of the Combustion Institute, Ann Arbor, MI, [URL](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280979059_Application_of_an_Eulerian_One_Dimensional_Turbulence_model_to_Simulation_of_Turbulent_Jets) (2009).

- H. Mirgolbabaei, T. Echekki, N. Smaoui. “A nonlinear principal component analysis approach for turbulent combustion composition space.” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, [39(9):4622-4633](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.12.195) (2014).

- B. Goshayeshi, J.C. Sutherland. “A comparative study of thermochemistry models for oxy-coal combustion simulation.” Combustion and Flame, [162(10):4016-4024](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.07.041) (2015).

- Z. Jozefik, A.R. Kerstein, H. Schmidt, S. Lyra, H. Kolla, J.H. Chen. “One-Dimensional Turbulence modeling of a turbulent counterflow flame with comparison to DNS.” Combustion and Flame, [162(8):2999-3015](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.05.010) (2015).

- A.W. Abboud, B.B. Schroeder, T. Saad, S.T. Smith, D.D. Harris, D.O. Lignell. “A numerical comparison of precipitating turbulent flows between Large-Eddy Simulation and One-Dimensional Turbulence.” AIChE Journal, [61(10):3185-3197](https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.14870) (2015).

- H. Grosshans, A. Movaghar, L. Cao, M. Oevermann, R.Z. Szasz, L. Fuchs. “Sensitivity of VOF simulations of the liquid jet breakup to physical and numerical parameters.” Computers & Fluids, [136:312-323](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2016.06.018) (2016).

- N. Punati, H. Wang, E.R. Hawkes, J.C. Sutherland. “One-Dimensional modeling of Turbulent premixed jet Fflames - comparison to DNS.” Flow Turbulence and Combustion, [97(3):913-930](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10494-016-9721-x) (2016).

- R. Ranade, T. Echekki. “A framework for data-based turbulent combustion closure: A Priori validation.” Combustion and Flame, [206:490-505](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2019.05.028) (2019).

- J. A. Medina Mendez, M. González, F. Baena-Moreno, and H. Arellano-Garcia. "CO2 methanation: on the modeling of reacting laminar flows in structured Ni/MgAl2O4 catalysts," Journal of Physics: Conference Series, [2367:012015](http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2367/1/012015), 2022.

------------------------------------

## LES-ODT

- R.C. Schmidt, A.R. Kerstein, S. Wunsch, V. Nilsen. "Near-wall LES closure based on One-Dimensional Turbulence modeling." Journal of Computational Physics, [186:317–355](https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9991(03)00071-8) (2003).

- R.J. McDermott, A.R. Kerstein, R.C. Schmidt, P.J. Smith. “The ensemble mean limit of the One-Dimensional Turbulence model and application to residual stress closure in finite volume Large-Eddy Simulation.” Journal of Turbulence, [6:N31](https://doi.org/10.1080/14685240500293894) (2005). 

- T. Echekki, J. Park. "The LES-ODT model for turbulent premixed flames." AIAA-2010-0207, The 48th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting, Orlando, FL, [DOI](https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-207) (2010). 

- J. Park, T. Echekki. “LES-ODT study of turbulent premixed interacting flames.” Combustion and Flame, [159(2):609-620](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2011.08.002) (2012).

- H. Mirgolbabaei, T. Echekki. “A novel principal component analysis-based acceleration scheme for LES-ODT: an a Priori study.” Combustion and Flame, [160(5):898-908](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.01.007) (2013).

- S.B. Rejeb and T. Echekki. “Thermal radiation modeling using the LES-ODT framework for turbulent combustion flows.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, [104:1300-1316](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.09.074) (2017).

- A.F. Hoffie, T. Echekki. “A coupled LES-ODT model for spatially-developing turbulent reacting shear layers.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, [127:458-473](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.06.105) (2018).

- Y. Fu, T. Echekki. “Upscaling and downscaling approaches in LES-ODT for turbulent combustion flows.” International Journal for Multiscale Computational Engineering, [16(1):45-76](https://doi.org/10.1615/IntJMultCompEng.2018021350) (2018).

- C. Glawe, J. A. Medina Méndez, H. Schmidt, "IMEX based Multi-Scale Time Advancement in
ODTLES," ZAMM, [98:1907-1923](https://doi.org/10.1002/zamm.201800098) (2018).

- J. A. Medina Mendez, C. Glawe, T. Starick, M. S. Schöps, and H. Schmidt. "IMEX-ODTLES: A multi-scale and stochastic approach for highly turbulent flows," Proc. Appl. Math. Mech., [19:e201900433](https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201900433), 2019.

- L. S.Freire and M. Chamecki. "Large-eddy simulation of smooth and rough channel flows using a one-dimensional stochastic wall model," Comput. Fluids, [230:105135](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2021.105135), 2021.

------------------------------------

## Acoustics

- J. A. Medina Méndez, S. Sharma, H. Schmidt, and M. Klein. "Toward the use of a reduced-order and stochastic turbulence model for assessment of far-field sound radiation: Low Mach number jet flows," Proc. Appl. Math. Mech., [23:e202300186](https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.202300186), 2023, (open access).

- S. Sharma, M. Klein, J. A. Medina Mendez, and L. Ayton. "A theoretical study of self-soise generation in turbulent jets using one-dimensional turbulence and Lighthill's acoustic analogy," INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings, [paper ID 268](http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/IN_2023_0056), 2023.

- S. Sharma, M. Klein, and H. Schmidt. "Features of far-downstream asymptotic velocity fluctuations in a round jet: A one-dimensional turbulence study," Phys. Fluids, [34:085134](https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0101270), 2022.

- S. Sharma, M. Klein, and H. Schmidt. "Modelling turbulent jets at high-Reynolds number using one-dimensional turbulence," [AIAA 2021-2104](https://arc.aiaa.org/doi/10.2514/6.2021-2104), AIAA AVIATION 2021 FORUM, August 2021.

------------------------------------

## Other

- A.R. Kerstein, T.D. Dreeben. “Prediction of turbulent free shear flow statistics using a simple stochastic model.” Physics of Fluids, [12(2):418-424](https://doi.org/10.1063/1.870319) (2000).

- W.T. Ashurst, A.R. Kerstein. “One-Dimensional Turbulence: variable-density formulation and application to mixing layers.” Physics of Fluids, [17:2](https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1847413) (2005).
 
- A. Movaghar, M. Linne, M. Herrmann, A.R. Kerstein, M. Oevermann. “Modeling and numerical study of primary breakup under diesel conditions.” International Journal of Multiphase Flow, [98:110-119](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2017.09.002) (2018).

- A. Carati, L. Galgani, F. Santolini. “On the energy transfer to small scales in a discrete model of One-Dimensional Turbulence.” Chaos, [19:2](https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3156729) (2019).

- C. Glawe, M. Klein, H. Schmidt. "Stochastic deconvolution of wall statistics in Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulations based on one-dimensional turbulence," [Proc. Appl. Math. Mech., 23:e202300055](https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.202300055), 2023, (open access).